Programmed temperature vaporiser-based injection in capillary gas chromatography.

The application of programmed temperature vaporisation (PTV) in capillary gas chromatographic analysis is reviewed. The development of the different strategies as well as the state of the art are described. As the analytes are normally enriched in the PTV insert, the quoted papers are subdivided depending on whether the enrichment was carried out from organic solvents, from water or from gaseous media. Furthermore, the possibilities of PTVs for on-line coupling with sample preparation methods or other separation techniques and their use as thermoreactors are mentioned.